Given enough resources, a classical computer can simulate an arbitrary quantum computer. There exist quantum algorithms, such as Simon's algorithm, which run faster than any possible probabilistic classical algorithm. Large-scale quantum computers could be able to solve certain problems much faster than any classical computer by using the best currently known algorithms, like integer factorization using Shor's algorithm or the simulation of quantum many-body systems. Both practical and theoretical research continues, and many national government and military funding agencies support quantum computing research to develop quantum computers for both civilian and national security purposes, such as cryptanalysis. Quantum computers share theoretical similarities with non-deterministic and probabilistic computers, like the ability to be in more than one state simultaneously.Īlthough quantum computing is still in its infancy, experiments have been carried out in which quantum computational operations were executed on a very small number of qubits (quantum bits). A theoretical model is the quantum Turing machine, also known as the universal quantum computer. The basic principle behind quantum computation is that quantum properties can be used to represent data and perform operations on these data. Quantum computers are different from traditional computers based on transistors. A quantum computer is a device for computation that makes direct use of quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data.
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